Assessing the levels of Cystatin-C in the serum, along with several biochemical parameters in individuals diagnosed with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Background: Chronic Nephron loss and adaptive hyperfiltration in the surviving nephrons are symptoms of chronic kidney disease(CKD), a parenchymal illness caused by a range of acute and chronic stresses. Proteinuria and a gradual decline in renal function are long-term consequences of adaptive hyperfiltration, which damages the glomeruli. Renal function declines without symptoms at first, and kidney failure symptoms do not appear until much later in the disease's progression.  Cystatin- C(Cys-C): is a protein produced by the nucleated cells in the body. When kidneys work well, they keep the level of cystatin-C in our blood just right, and high level of this biomarker in blood mean that the kidneys are not working well. Cystatin-C has some advantages over serum creatinine in eGFR. The use of cystatin-C as a confirmatory biomarker in deciding medication dosages or as a confirmatory test in patients with an uncertain diagnosis of chronic kidney disease may be beneficial.Aim: Determine the level Cystatin- C(Cys-C) and other biochemical parameters in sera of patient with CKD and to compare the results with an apparently healthy person of a comparable age group.Patients and methods: This study was a prospective cross-sectional study. There were 85 male in the trial, 55 of whom had CKD, and 30 apparently healthy man included in this study as a control group in Tikrit City over one year time; from June 2024 until the end of April 2025.  The  blood samples were collected from each man included in this study for the estimation Cystatin- C(Cys-C), were measured using the ELISA kit technique and blood Urea , Creatinine, Uric acid and albumin by using Cobas –Germany. Results: The mean serum level of Cystatin- C(Cys-C), was elevated in CKD patients comparing with control group (13.34 ±1.45, 4.06 ± 1.18 pg/mL). The result was highly significant (p<0.05). while the mean serum level of blood urea and serum creatinine was found among CKD patients (155.9 ± 21.3,7.750 ± 2.10 mg/dl), (32.2 ± 6.61, 0.788 ± 0.118 mg/dl) respectively compared with control The result was highly significant (p<0.05). Serum uric acid levels showed significant (p<0.05) increase even with in normal range in case group at mean ±SD (5.69 ± 1.141mg/dl) compared with mean ±SD of control group (4.497 ± 0.548mg/dl). Serum albumin in case group (mean ±SD) (3.881 ± 0.371g/dl) compared with control group (mean ±SD) (4.477 ± 0.400 g/dl), there was a significant difference at a p<0.05. This study also found that there was a positive correlation between S Cystatin- C(Cys-C), with the level of B. Urea serum creatinine in CKD patients.